Aiming at the problems of high background noise, low contrast and poor portability of PC-based video acquisition system in uncooled infrared camera images, a ZYNQ fully programmable system-on-chip-based infrared video acquisition system is proposed in this paper. By integrating many image processing algorithms such as histogram equalization, kernel norm minimization and one-dimensional guide filtering, the system can improve image contrast and effectively suppress noise. In order to accelerate the processing speed, the system uses histogram pseudo-equalization method to optimize the computational efficiency of histogram equalization, and designs an efficient filter module architecture for kernel norm minimization and onedimensional guided filtering, which realizes high-speed parallel processing of the two filtering methods. The experimental results show that the proposed infrared video acquisition system can increase the roughness, RMS contrast and information entropy to 17.4 times, 3.15 times and 2.16 times of the original image, respectively, and significantly improve the visual effect and detail performance of the infrared image. The ZYNQ-based design is not only highly integrated, but also has a fast processing speed to meet the needs of real-time processing. Compared with the traditional PC platform, the system has significant advantages in portability, power consumption and cost, and provides an efficient and reliable solution for the practical application of infrared video acquisition technology.