Ensuring the speed consistency and tracking interval safety in the cooperative control of high-speed train group is very important to improve the operational efficiency and operational safety of railroads. Focusing on the demand for more efficient and safe operation, this paper firstly establishes a dynamic model of high-speed trains based on the virtual coupling mechanism of multi-train cooperation, and constructs the communication topology of the train group by using the algebraic graph theory; secondly, a multi-train cooperative tracking control strategy based on adaptive artificial potential function is designed. For the safety spacing constraint problem, a potential function with adjusting ability is designed to transform the relative position error into a dynamic compensation quantity in the potential gradient field; finally, the artificial potential field method is integrated with the fuzzy theory, and the strength coefficients of the potential field are dynamically corrected by the fuzzy affiliation function, so that the system can dynamically manage the deviation of the actual spacing of trains and the desired spacing under the stable operation state, and flexibly adjust the safety spacing according to the actual control demand. The spacing is flexibly adjusted according to the actual control requirements. Through simulation verification, the scheme has significant advantages in control accuracy, and the proposed tracking control strategy can ensure that each high-speed train operates at the required speed and tracks the previous train under the ideal distance range, and the error is controlled within -0.12~0.21 km, which enhances the efficiency of the railroad operation and better adapts to the complex operating environment.