Conventional control methods struggle to satisfy the high-performance speed regulation requirements of switched reluctance motors (SRM) under variable-speed and variable-load operating conditions. This paper proposes a super-twisting control algorithm (STCA)-based speed regulation method for SRMs. A mathematical model of SRM was established, followed by an in-depth investigation into the systematic design methodology of STCA implementation under variable operating conditions. To optimize control parameters, a multi-objective optimization fitness function was constructed and addressed through the fruit fly optimization algorithm (FOA), with detailed analysis of its implementation process. Comparative simulations and experiments with conventional gradually steady signal error control (GSSEC) algorithm demonstrate significant improvements: Steady-state control accuracy increased by 1.213%; For abrupt speed changes, transient process durations reduced by 22.3% (sudden increase) and 26.6% (sudden decrease); Under load disturbances, speed overshoots decreased by 61.09% (sudden increase) and 62.28% (sudden decrease), with corresponding transient durations reduced by 36.36% and 38.88%. The proposed method exhibits superior steady-state and dynamic performance metrics compared with GSSEC, demonstrating substantial practical application value.