Research questions: In optical wireless communication systems, atmospheric turbulence can cause the transmission beam to expand, drift and light intensity fluctuation, which will seriously reduce the signal quality of the receiving end and reduce the performance of the communication system. Therefore, the study of methods to suppress atmospheric turbulence is the key to improve the performance of optical wireless communication systems. Method and process: Large-aperture receiving technology, diversity technology, partially coherent beam technology and adaptive optics can effectively suppress the atmospheric turbulence effect, which is an important means to improve the performance of optical wireless communication systems. Detailed detail the principle of suppress atmospheric turbulence and its means. These key technologies can improve the quality of the received signals and enhance the reliability of the communication system by changing the transmission or reception strategy, regulating the structure of the optical field, enlarging the receiving aperture, and compensating for wavefront distortion. Meanwhile, the effects of different parameter indicators on the system performance are also analyzed. The current status of domestic and international research on the relevant suppression techniques is discussed, and the improvement of different performance indexes of the system under the influence of atmospheric turbulence by the relevant techniques is showed. Conclusions: Finally, the challenges and problems in atmospheric turbulence suppression in the field of optical wireless communication are summarized, and the future development trend of the technology is outlooked, which can provide a reference for the future development in this field.