In order to solve the target recognition and classification problem of battlefield acoustic target detection system, an energy feature analysis (EFA) method based on cutoff frequency EEMD (CFEEMD) is proposed. Selecting the minimum effective frequency of the signal itself as screening termination condition of EEMD, the EEMD method is improved to achieve rapid decomposition of acoustic target and get accurate IMF components. The total energy vector of the target signal is obtained by calculating the energy of each IMF, and then the energy distribution of each IMF component of the typical target acoustic signal is analyzed. The energy difference between the high and low frequency of the target acoustic signal is defined, which is used as feature parameter to identify and classify the battlefield acoustic target. Through the semiphysical simulation experiment the feasibility and the practicality of the EFAbased target recognition method with improved EEMD is verified, which is suitable for identification and classification of battlefield acoustic target.