In order to meet the requirements of high acoustic source level emission and multi-channel low noise acquisition in multibeam sonar system, and to improve the scalability of transmitter and receiver, this paper introduces the design method of a high voltage pulse transmitter module and a multi-channel data acquisition module with TVG function, and uses FPGA as the logic control chip to plan the trigger timing sequence of the transmitter module and the acquisition module. According to the transmission bandwidth of Gigabit Ethernet, the data format of IP packet is designed, the data transmission path is analyzed, and the real-time data acquisition is realized. The experimental test shows that at the operating frequency of 100 kHz, the sound source level of the transmitter module reaches 200 dB, the background noise of the acquisition module is less than 4 μVrms, the amplitude consistency deviation is -6. 94 dB, and the phase consistency deviation is 0. 25°.