In order to investigate the evolution of the vibration response in the multi-scalp gear system, a multi-scalp gear dynamics model is constructed by integrating the time-varying meshing stiffness. Firstly, a multi-peeling gear meshing stiffness model is established by integrating the modified energy method and the single/double tooth pair meshing angular displacement calculation method; Secondly, a 6-degree-of-freedom multi-stripping gear dynamics model is constructed by considering the time-varying meshing stiffness, tooth side clearance and initial pressure angle, and the model validity is analysed from the simulation, theoretical and experimental dimensions; lastly, the effects of changes in the tooth root, pitch line, and tooth apex positions on the vibration response of the multi-peeling gear are investigated on the basis of the model; the evolution of the vibration response is obtained when the simultaneous peeling occurs. Finally, based on the constructed model, we study the influence of the change of spalling size on the meshing stiffness when spalling occurs at the same time, and obtain the evolution of the vibration response of multi-spalling gears. The results show that the error between the constructed model and the theoretical and experimental errors is less than 0.5%, and the evolution of the meshing stiffness and vibration response of the flaking at the tooth root, pitch line and tooth apex position is obtained. With the expansion of the flaking width, the vibration amplitude near the pitch line increases significantly; with the increase of the flaking depth, the vibration impact on the tooth apex position is more intense; and with the increase of the flaking length, the range of flaking is enlarged. The obtained conclusions provide theoretical guidance for the health monitoring and early fault diagnosis of the gear system.