In response to the problem of distributed cooperative control of high-speed trains under uncertain factors and external interference, a high-speed train speed tracking control strategy based on the super-twisting sliding mode consensus algorithm is proposed. Firstly, considering the external interference, basic resistance, and coupling forces between carriages that the train is subjected to, a multi-agent model for high-speed train is established. Secondly, the consistent sliding mode function is designed according to the displacement and speed information of adjacent carriages, and the super-twisting algorithm is introduced to reduce control input chattering. Finally, design a distributed second-order sliding mode control law and use Lyapunov theory to verify the stability of the algorithm. Conduct a simulation study using the actual parameters of a high-speed train and adding external interference, simulation is carried out with the method proposed in this paper, as well as the ordinary consensus, PID consensus, and sliding mode consensus methods. The results show that compared with the other three algorithms, the proposed algorithm can enable the train unit to quickly and accurately track the target speed curve, with a speed error within (-0. 8~ 1. 1)×10 -3 m/ s, while keeping the distance between adjacent train cars within a safe range. Moreover, the control input is relatively smooth, and the algorithm has good robustness against external disturbances.