| 惠登峰,Shamala K.Subramaniam,Lili Nurliyana binti Abdullah,Abdullah bin Muhammed,刘红妍,王淼,王梓郡,惠玉淳,朱俊宇.生命周期供电考场机械钟表与授时装置实现[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2026,40(6):308-322 |
| 生命周期供电考场机械钟表与授时装置实现 |
| Life-time powered maintenance-free mechanical clock for examination roomsand its time synchronisation device implementation |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 考试时钟 永续供电 电波钟 时间同步 无线授时 BPC时码 物联网 |
| 英文关键词:examination clock sustainable power supply radio wave clock time synchronization wireless timing BPC time code Internet of Things |
| 基金项目: |
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| Author | Institution |
| Hui Dengfeng | Beijing Wholeway Centron Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China |
| Shamala K. Subramaniam | Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Selangor 43400, Malaysia |
| Lili Nurliyana binti Abdullah | Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Selangor 43400, Malaysia |
| Abdullah bin Muhammed | Universiti Putra Malaysia,
Selangor 43400, Malaysia |
| Liu Hongyan | Beijing Wholeway Centron Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China |
| Wang Miao | Beijing Normal University Asia-Pacific Experimental School, Beijing 102209, China |
| Wang Zijun | Beijing Normal University Asia-Pacific Experimental School, Beijing 102209, China |
| Hui Yuchun | Beijing Normal University Asia-Pacific Experimental School, Beijing 102209, China |
| Zhu Junyu | Beijing Normal University Asia-Pacific Experimental School, Beijing 102209, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对标准化考场禁止考生自带计时设备而墙挂BPC电波钟在复杂建筑中存在授时盲区、接收不稳和频繁换电的问题，设计了“生命周期供电机械电波钟+局域BPC微型授时发射器”的免维护校时方案。终端在不改变 WBC-E16A 标准化考场自动校时同步时钟外观的前提下，将原2节AA电池扩展为2S4P低自放电模组，通过恒阻放电与实机功耗测试建立mWh级能量寿命模型；设施侧研制功耗≤1.5 W的USB
5 V发射器，经校园WiFi从多源NTP获取UTC时间并在教室内重播标准BPC时码。地下封闭空间样机验证表明，在授时盲区条件下各终端可在2~10 min自动完成首次校时；教学楼30台终端4周运行显示，引入微型发射器后授时成功率由约70%提升至100%。恒阻放电与日耗监测结果显示，南孚物联网AA电池在≥2.2 V有效电压区间可提供约34.9 Wh能量，结合14.8~16.5 mWh·d-1日耗和1%~2%自放电，单组2S4P模组可支撑电波钟不低于5年（Life-Time）的免换电池与免维护运行。方案已在22个省约8 000台终端中应用，Life-Time RCC与局域BPC补盲组合能够在授时盲区内实现多教室机械挂钟的长期秒级统一对时，显著减轻考场钟表维护与巡检压力，提升考场时钟的可靠性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In standardized examination-rooms, candidates are prohibited from using personal timekeeping devices, while wall-mounted BPC time-code radio-controlled clocks (RCCs) in complex buildings often suffer from reception blind spots, unstable synchronization, and frequent battery replacement. To address this, a unified time-keeping scheme combining a “life-time powered mechanical RCC” with a “local BPC miniature transmitter” is proposed. On the terminal side, the WBC-E16A exam clock retains its original appearance, but its two AA cells are upgraded to a 2S4P low-self-discharge AA pack, and an mWh-level energy model is derived from constant-resistance discharge tests and in-situ power measurements. On the infrastructure side, a≤1.5 W USB 5 V transmitter is developed that acquires UTC from multiple NTP servers over campus WiFi and rebroadcasts the standard BPC code inside classrooms. Tests with ten clocks in a fully enclosed underground space show that, in BPC reception blind spots, all terminals automatically complete their first synchronization within 2~10 minutes. In a four-week field trial with thirty clocks in a teaching building, the automatic synchronization success rate increases from about 70% to 100% after enabling the local transmitter. Discharge and consumption measurements indicate that Nanfu IoT AA cells provide about 34.9 Wh of usable energy above 2.2 V; combined with a daily consumption of 14.8~16.5 mWh and a 1%~2% self-discharge rate, a single 2S4P pack can support at least five years of operation without battery replacement. The scheme has been deployed in about 7 848 terminals across 22 provincial-level regions, and the proposed Life-Time RCC plus local BPC blind-spot compensation enables long-term, second-level synchronization of mechanical wall clocks while greatly reducing maintenance and inspection workload and significantly enhancing the robustness of examination-room timekeeping. |
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