| 叶飞,朱长安,曹家璇,尹家智,王箫鹏,杨倩,黄泽昊,银莲,杨语迪.基于无人机悬吊金属球的天气雷达远场绝对标校方法及跨库偏差分析[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2026,40(4):215-226 |
| 基于无人机悬吊金属球的天气雷达远场绝对标校方法及跨库偏差分析 |
| UAV-suspended metal sphere based far-field absolute calibration method forweather radar and analysis of range-bin crossing bias |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 天气雷达 金属球标校 十字扫描 跨库偏差 绝对定标 |
| 英文关键词:weather radar metal sphere calibration cross-scan range-bin crossing bias absolute calibration |
| 基金项目:国家自然基金项目课题(42405141)、中国气象局“天气雷达标校技术”青年创新团队(CMA2024QN12)、中国气象局大气探测重点实验室项目（2023KLAS11M）、中国气象局智能气象观测技术重点开放实验室（ZNGC2024QN03）项目资助 |
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| Author | Institution |
| Ye Fei | 1.Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, China; 2.CMA Radar Meteorological Centre,
Beijing 100811, China |
| Zhu Changan | Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, Chin |
| Cao Jiaxuan | Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, Chin |
| Yin Jiazhi | Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, Chin |
| Wang Xiaopeng | CMA Meteorological Observation Centre, Beijing 100811, China |
| Yang Qian | Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, Chin |
| Huang Zehao | Changsha Meteorological Radar Calibration Center, Changsha 410207, Chin |
| Yin Lian | Changsha Meteorological
Bureau, Changsha 410207, China |
| Yang Yudi | Anhui Atmospheric Observation Technology Support Center, Hefei 230031, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 针对天气雷达金属球标校过程中“球体稳定度量化不足、找球流程缺乏体系化参数约束、以及跨库机理与偏差放大规律不清”等关键问题，提出一种基于“无人机+激光测距相机+标准金属球”的天气雷达远场绝对标校方案。首先构建最大水平位移约束的稳定度指标（S≥97%），获得金属球最佳标校位置；其次，设计基于“十字扫描”找球流程，实现金属球在天线主瓣及距离库中心的快速、精确对准；最后以长沙气象雷达标校中心S波段双偏振参考雷达（Z9740）为测试对象，结果表明，金属球处于距离库中心时，反射率因子（Z）和差分反射率（ZDR）与理论值平均偏差仅-0.28和0.16 dB，波束宽度、天线增益、脉冲宽度反演偏差分别为0.01°、0.14 dB和-0.11 μs；若出现跨库，Z与ZDR偏差增至-4.03和0.45 dB，波束宽度、增益及脉冲宽度误差增大至0.06°、-0.17 dB、0.56 μs。通过对比试验，阐明了“脉冲-窗重叠”是能量分拆与偏差增大的根源，并给出位置动态调控与脉冲加窗等改进建议。该方法可将天气雷达Z和ZDR绝对标校精度分别提升至0.5和0.2 dB以内，可为全国天气雷达组网一致性评估提供绝对验证手段。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper addresses key issues such as “insufficient quantification of ball stability in metal sphere systems、lack of systematic parameter constraints in ball search processes、unclear mechanisms of range-bin crossing and deviation amplification patterns.” Proposes an absolute far-field calibration scheme for weather radar that combines an equipped UAV, a laser-range-finding camera and a standard metal sphere. First, a stability metric constrained by a maximum horizontal displacement (S≥ 97%) is defined to determine the sphere’s optimal calibration position. Next, an “cross-scan” procedure is devised to locate the sphere rapidly and precisely at the antenna main-beam center and the midpoint of the chosen range bin. Finally, using the S-band dual-polarization reference radar (Z9740) at the Changsha Weather-Radar Calibration Center as a test case, results show that when the sphere is centered in the range bin, the mean deviations of reflectivity (Z) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) from their theoretical values are only -0.2 and 0.16 dB, the retrieved beamwidth, antenna gain and pulse width differ by just 0.01°、0.14 dB and -0.11 μs. If the sphere straddles adjacent range bins, the Z and ZDR errors enlarge to -4.03 and 0.45 dB, and the beamwidth、gain and pulse-width errors increase to 0.06°、-0.17 dB and 0.56 μs. Comparative tests reveal that “pulse-window overlap” is the root cause of energy splitting and bias growth, and improvement measures such as dynamic position control and pulse windowing are recommended. The approach can tighten absolute calibration accuracy of Z and ZDR to within 0.5 and 0.2 dB, providing an absolute validation method for nationwide radar-network consistency assessments. |
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