| 刘凯凯,黄成林,苏鸿涛,李泽,桂术亮,田增山.基于合成孔径的RFID单频点单天线定位技术[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2025,39(10):90-100 |
| 基于合成孔径的RFID单频点单天线定位技术 |
| Single-frequency, single-antenna RFID positioning technologybased on synthetic aperture |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: RFID单频点单天线定位 单频点干涉测距离差 合成孔径非均匀线阵测角 双曲线定位 |
| 英文关键词:single-frequency single-antenna RFID positioning single-frequency interferometric distance difference measurement synthetic aperture non-uniform linear array angle estimation hyperbolic positioning |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（62571075）、重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB2024NSCQ LZX0029)、重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJQN202400646)资助 |
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| Author | Institution |
| Liu Kaikai | 1.School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China; 2.School of Economics and Management, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China |
| Huang Chenglin | School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China |
| Su Hongtao | School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China |
| Li Ze | 1.School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China; 3.School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China |
| Gui Shuliang | School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China |
| Tian Zengshan | School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing
400065, China |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 无线射频识别（radio frequency identification，RFID）技术在智能仓储管理和物流追踪系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而，传统商用RFID系统通常工作于工业、科学与医学频段，受限于带宽资源，难以实现高精度的载波相位测距。此外，在移动机器人与手持式读写器等场景中，由于空间受限，难以部署多天线阵列，从而对基于测角的定位方法提出了更高挑战。为解决上述问题，提出了一种基于合成孔径原理的单天线单频点RFID定位系统。该系统在天线运动过程中采集相位序列及其时间戳，构建空间上非均匀的虚拟线性阵列以实现角度估计。进一步提出一种基于相位序列导数的快速粗估计算法，以缩小角度估计的搜索范围，提升算法效率与估计精度。同时，利用不同虚拟天线位置之间的相位差计算出标签的距离差，并结合角度信息构建双曲线定位模型，最终通过引入加权粒子群优化算法对标签位置进行求解。实验结果验证了系统的有效性，距离差估计中值误差为4.2 cm，角度估计中值误差为1°，最终定位中值误差达到3.45 cm。方法在无需增加硬件成本的前提下，实现了RFID商用平台高精度定位，具有一定的实际应用价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has become increasingly important in intelligent warehouse management and logistics tracking systems. However, conventional commercial RFID systems, operating within the Industrial, Scientific, and medical radio band, are constrained by limited bandwidth, which hinders high-precision carrier phase-based ranging. Moreover, in scenarios such as mobile robots and handheld readers, the deployment of multi-antenna arrays is impractical due to space limitations, posing further challenges to angle-based localization techniques. To address these issues, this paper proposes a synthetic aperture-based RFID localization system utilizing a single antenna and a single-frequency point. The system constructs a spatially non-uniform virtual linear array by collecting phase sequences and corresponding timestamps during antenna motion. A fast coarse angle estimation algorithm based on the derivative of the phase sequence is introduced to reduce the search space and improve estimation efficiency. Furthermore, the phase differences between distinct virtual antenna positions are used to compute differential distances to the target tag. These distance differences, combined with angle information, are formulated into a hyperbolic localization model. The final coordinates of the RFID tag are estimated using a particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive weighting. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed system, the median error of differential distance estimation is 4.2 cm, the median angle estimation error is 1°, and the final localization median error reaches 3.45 cm. The proposed method achieves high accuracy localization on commercial RFID platforms without additional hardware costs, and thus holds promising practical application value. |
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