To address problems of multiple engineering constraints, high technical iteration cost, and prolonged development cycle in the development of miniature quadrupole mass spectrometers, and meet the stringent requirements of compact size, light weight, low power consumption, long service life, and high reliability in special scenarios, a physical model and corresponding mathematical expressions for the quadrupole mass spectrometer are established based on a comprehensive analysis of product characteristics and engineering difficulties. An independent performance simulation system for quadrupole mass spectrometers is developed using the Lua language. The system achieves the coupled calculation of temperature field, fluid field, vacuum field, and electromagnetic field, and integrates 12 core functions, including ion full-life-cycle trajectory tracking and batch parameter processing, thereby enhancing engineering applicability. Furthermore, batch simulations are implemented to systematically investigate the effects of three key engineering parameters on instrument performance, i.e., the exit aperture of the EI source lens (1.5~3.5 mm), the insertion depth of the EI source into the QMA (-0.5~0.5 mm), and the sample injection rate (0~1 mL/min). The optimal value range of each parameter is determined. Simulation results show that the ion transmission efficiency reaches the maximum when the lens exit aperture is 3.0 mm; the edge field effect can be effectively suppressed with the EI source insertion depth of 0.2 mm, leading to a more concentrated spatial distribution of the ion beam. The system vacuum degree can be maintained while ensuring high signal intensity when the sample injection rate is 0.3 mL/min. An experimental platform is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed simulation system. The optimized mass spectrometer has a mass range of m/z 10~180, exhibits excellent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the detection of perfluorotributylamine(PFTBA), and its overall performance meets the design requirements. The developed performance simulation system provides key technical support for the precise research and development of miniature quadrupole mass spectrometers.